　USBメモリやSDカードを介してファイルコピーとかダルすぎるので。

対象環境

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+
Raspbian stretch 2018-06-27

やりたいこと

自宅LAN内のみアクセス許可
複数台のラズパイ間と無線でファイルのやりとり

　これができればVolumio要らんのでは？　という思惑もある。

方法

IPアドレスを調べる
インストール
ユーザ作成
/etc/samba/smb.conf編集
samba再起動
参照確認

手順

0. IPアドレスを調べる

　インストールするラズパイのIPアドレスを調べる。

$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 有線LANのMACアドレス brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 無線LANのMACアドレス brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 無線LANのIPv4アドレス brd 192.168.11.255 scope global wlan0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 有線LANのIPv6アドレス scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

1. インストール

　検索。

$ sudo apt search samba
...
samba/stable,stable,stable 2:4.5.12+dfsg-2+deb9u3 armhf
  SMB/CIFS file, print, and login server for Unix

　インストール。

$ sudo apt install samba

　yを入力してENTERキー押下する。

3,473 kB のアーカイブを取得する必要があります。
この操作後に追加で 23.7 MB のディスク容量が消費されます。
続行しますか? [Y/n]

　15秒ほどで完了。

$ samba --version
Version 4.5.12-Debian

2. ユーザ作成

2-1. 確認

　sambaのユーザ情報を確認する。

pdbedit -L
pdbedit -L -v

　未作成なので存在しない。

tdbsam_open: Failed to open/create TDB passwd [/var/lib/samba/private/passdb.tdb]
tdbsam_getsampwnam: failed to open /var/lib/samba/private/passdb.tdb!
User Search failed!

　以下だと何も表示されない。

$ sudo pdbedit -L

2-2. 作成

　システムに既存のユーザ名のみ作成可能。

バージョン	コマンド
2.2	smbpasswd
3.0	pdbedit

$ pdbedit -a ユーザー名

　パスワードを2回入力して完了。raspberry

$ pdbedit -a pi
new password:
retype new password:
tdbsam_open: Failed to open/create TDB passwd [/var/lib/samba/private/passdb.tdb]
tdbsam_getsampwnam: failed to open /var/lib/samba/private/passdb.tdb!
tdbsam_open: Failed to open/create TDB passwd [/var/lib/samba/private/passdb.tdb]
tdbsam_new_rid: failed to open /var/lib/samba/private/passdb.tdb!
Failed to add entry for user pi.

　sudoを付与すると成功。

$ sudo pdbedit -a pi

new password:
retype new password:
Unix username:        pi
NT username:          
Account Flags:        [U          ]
User SID:             S-1-5-21-499854653-3322457250-3394179454-1000
Primary Group SID:    S-1-5-21-499854653-3322457250-3394179454-513
Full Name:            
Home Directory:       \\raspberrypi\pi
HomeDir Drive:        
Logon Script:         
Profile Path:         \\raspberrypi\pi\profile
Domain:               RASPBERRYPI
Account desc:         
Workstations:         
Munged dial:          
Logon time:           0
Logoff time:          never
Kickoff time:         never
Password last set:    土, 29  9月 2018 10:27:45 JST
Password can change:  土, 29  9月 2018 10:27:45 JST
Password must change: never
Last bad password   : 0
Bad password count  : 0
Logon hours         : FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

　以下コマンドで確認できた。　

$ sudo pdbedit -L
pi:1000:

https://renoji.com/IT.php?Contents=OS_CentOS/Server_File/Samba_UserRegistration.html

3. `/etc/samba/smb.conf`編集

$ sudo leafpad /etc/samba/smb.conf

　[global]の1行下に以下を追記する。

interfaces 192.168.11.6/24 127.0.0.1 wlan0
bind interfaces only = yes
hosts allow = 192.168.11.
security = user

workgroup = WORKGROUP
#guest ok = yes
#public = yes
#read only = no

　ファイル末尾に以下を追記する。

[public]
  comment = Public
  path = /home/pi/root
  public = yes
  read only = no
  browsable = yes
  force user = pi
  writable = yes
  valid users = pi pi0 pi1 pi2 pi3 pi4 pi5 pi6 pi7 pi8 pi9

　以下は環境ごとに変更すること。

192.168.11.6/24
wlan0
pi
/home/pi/root

4. samba再起動

sudo systemctl restart smbd

　PC起動するたびに実行する必要がある？

　以下のようなエラーになることがあった。

f:id:ytyaru:20180930125847p:plain f:id:ytyaru:20180930125851p:plain

　ユーザ名とパスワードを入力して認証できれば以下のようになる。

f:id:ytyaru:20180930125901p:plain

5. 参照確認

　sambaをインストールしたマシンを起動させたまま、別のマシンで以下を実行する。

ファイラ（ファイルマネージャ）を起動
アドレス欄にsmb://192.168.11.6を入力する（/etc/samba/smb.confの[global], interfacesで設定したIPアドレス）
publicディレクトリが表示される
publicディレクトリをダブルクリックする
ユーザ名とパスワードを入力する
ディレクトリ内のファイルが閲覧できる

補足

[global]

security

user

　userの場合、[public]のvalid usersで指定したユーザ名のみ許可する。

[global]
security = user
[public]
valid users = pi

　userの他にもあるが、とりあえずこれが良さそう。

http://web.mit.edu/rhel-doc/4/RH-DOCS/rhel-rg-ja-4/s1-samba-security-modes.html

情報源

付録

`/etc/samba/smb.conf`

　全体の例。

#
# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which 
# are not shown in this example
#
# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
# commented-out examples in this file.
#  - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
#    differs from the default Samba behaviour
#  - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
#    behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
#    enough to be mentioned here
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic 
# errors. 

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

# 2018-09-28 start
interfaces 192.168.11.6/24 127.0.0.1 wlan0
bind interfaces only = yes
hosts allow = 192.168.11.
security = user

workgroup = WORKGROUP
#guest ok = yes
#public = yes
#read only = no
# 2018-09-28 end

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
   workgroup = WORKGROUP

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
#   wins support = no

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
;   wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
   dns proxy = no

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
;   bind interfaces only = yes



#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
   max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
#   syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
   syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d


####### Authentication #######

# Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
# values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary
# domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active
# directory domain controller". 
#
# Most people will want "standalone sever" or "member server".
# Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first
# running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a
# new domain.
   server role = standalone server

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.  
   passdb backend = tdbsam

   obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
   unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
   pam password change = yes

# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
   map to guest = bad user

########## Domains ###########

#
# The following settings only takes effect if 'server role = primary
# classic domain controller', 'server role = backup domain controller'
# or 'domain logons' is set 
#

# It specifies the location of the user's
# profile directory from the client point of view) The following
# required a [profiles] share to be setup on the samba server (see
# below)
;   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
#   logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
;   logon drive = H:
#   logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
;   logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the 
# SAMR RPC pipe.  
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
; add machine script  = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
;   idmap uid = 10000-20000
;   idmap gid = 10000-20000
;   template shell = /bin/bash

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
;   usershare max shares = 100

# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
   usershare allow guests = yes

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

[homes]
   comment = Home Directories
   browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
   read only = yes

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.
# The following parameter makes sure that only "username" can connect
# to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
   valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
;[netlogon]
;   comment = Network Logon Service
;   path = /home/samba/netlogon
;   guest ok = yes
;   read only = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
;[profiles]
;   comment = Users profiles
;   path = /home/samba/profiles
;   guest ok = no
;   browseable = no
;   create mask = 0600
;   directory mask = 0700

[printers]
   comment = All Printers
   browseable = no
   path = /var/spool/samba
   printable = yes
   guest ok = no
   read only = yes
   create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
   comment = Printer Drivers
   path = /var/lib/samba/printers
   browseable = yes
   read only = yes
   guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
;   write list = root, @lpadmin

# 2018-09-28 start
[public]
  comment = Public
  path = /home/pi/root
  public = yes
  read only = no
  browsable = yes
  force user = pi
  writable = yes
  valid users = pi pi0 pi1 pi2 pi3 pi4 pi5 pi6 pi7 pi8 pi9
# 2018-09-28 end

やってみる

アウトプットすべく己を導くためのブログ。その試行錯誤すらたれ流す。

Raspbian stretch で自宅ファイルサーバ(NAS)をつくる by samba

対象環境

やりたいこと

方法

手順

0. IPアドレスを調べる

1. インストール

2. ユーザ作成

2-1. 確認

2-2. 作成

3. `/etc/samba/smb.conf`編集

4. samba再起動

5. 参照確認

補足

[global]

security

user

情報源

付録

`/etc/samba/smb.conf`

対象環境

やりたいこと

方法

手順

0. IPアドレスを調べる

1. インストール

2. ユーザ作成

2-1. 確認

2-2. 作成

3. /etc/samba/smb.conf編集

4. samba再起動

5. 参照確認

補足

[global]

security

user

情報源

付録

/etc/samba/smb.conf

3. `/etc/samba/smb.conf`編集

`/etc/samba/smb.conf`